Economics

I. Economic Efficiency

II. Supply and Demand

III. Microeconomics

IV. Macroeconomics

Psychology

I. Habits and Consciousness

II. Memory and Learning

III. Social Psychology

Writing

I. General Writing Guide

II. Intermediate Grammar

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1. Negative supply shocks.

Anything that makes production more difficult or costly will result in a negative supply shock.

Examples include:

-Destruction of capital, which can be caused by a natural disaster or rampant crime.
-Shortage of raw material, which can be caused by bad weather/environmental conditions or by a social increase in the use of those materials.
-Artificial costs and barriers to entry, which can be caused by government regulations, patents and anti-economic union activity.

2. Positive supply shock.

Conversely, anything that makes production easier and more cost-effective will result in a positive supply shock.

Examples include:

-The accumulation of capital, increased availability of raw materials and reduction of artificial costs and barriers to entry.
-Technological innovations that speed up production.

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